SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

MacDonald, James M.; Korb, Penelope J..

Marketing and production contracts covered 39 percent of the value of U.S. agricultural production in 2003, up from 36 percent in 2001 and a substantial increase over estimated values of 28 percent for 1991 and 11 percent in 1969. Large farms are far more likely to contract than small farms; in fact, contracts cover over half of the value of production from farms with at least $1 million in sales. Although use of both production and marketing contracts has grown over time, growth is more rapid for production contracts, which are largely used for livestock.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Contracts; Contracting; Marketing contracts; Production contracts; Vertical integration; Vertical coordination; Market structure; Risk analysis; Price signals; Industrial Organization; Marketing.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33903

Agricultural Market Structure, Generic Advertising, and Welfare

Cardon, James H.; Pope, Rulon D..

This analysis begins with a definition and discussion of productive advertising. Then, following Dixit and Norman, persuasive advertising is used to study the welfare effects of generic advertising by marketing orders. The study first examines horizontal competition when the competing advertiser is a monopoly, and results show that the socially optimal level of advertising for a competitive marketing order is positive only if advertising raises monopoly output. Next, advertising choices of a marketing order which sells its output to a monopolistic distributor are considered. If the distributor is a monopolist, then marketing order advertising raises welfare. This finding is in marked contrast to the results for the horizontal case studied by Dixit and...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Advertising; Market structure; Welfare; Marketing.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31098

Alternative Model Selection Using Forecast Error Variance Decompositions in Wholesale Chicken Markets

McKenzie, Andrew M.; Goodwin, Harold L., Jr.; Carreira, Rita I..

Although Vector Autoregressive models are commonly used to forecast prices, specification of these models remains an issue. Questions that arise include choice of variables and lag length. This article examines the use of Forecast Error Variance Decompositions to guide the econometrician’s model specification. Forecasting performance of Variance Autoregressive models, generated from Forecast Error Variance Decompositions, is analyzed within wholesale chicken markets. Results show that the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition approach has the potential to provide superior model selections to traditional Granger Causality tests.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Broiler markets; DAGs; Forecasting; Market structure; VAR; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty; C53; D4; L1; Q00.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48750

An Econometric Analysis of Brand Level Strategic Pricing Between Coca Cola and Pepsi Inc.

Dhar, Tirtha Pratim; Chavas, Jean-Paul; Cotterill, Ronald W.; Gould, Brian W..

Market structure and strategic pricing for leading brands sold by Coca Cola and Pepsi Inc. are investigated in the context of a flexible demand specification and structural price equations. This approach is more general than prior studies that rely upon linear approximations and interactions of an inherently nonlinear problem. We test for Bertrand equilibrium, Stackelberg equilibrium, collusion, and a general conjectural variation (CV) specification. This nonlinear Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) estimation approach provides useful information on the nature of imperfect competition and the extent of market power.

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND: PRICE FIXER TO THE WORLD

Palavras-chave: Market structure; Strategic pricing; Conjectural variations; Price reaction; Carbonated soft drinks; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25231

Connor, John M..

Both market structure and corporate practices of Archer Daniels Midland fostered the implementation of the largest price- fixing conspiracies seen in modern times. These events have spurred renewed attention by U.S. antitrust authorities in prosecuting international cartels. The overcharges imposed on buyers of lysine and citric acid during 1994-1995 by ADM and its co-conspirators amounted to at least $200 million, and the total amount of public penalties, private damages, and legal costs exceeds $500 million. Perpetrators of price-fixing now face monetary exposures that are five times the amount of the harm caused to buyers.

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND: PRICE FIXER TO THE WORLD (Third Edition)

Palavras-chave: Price fixing; Lysine; Citric acid; Sweeteners; Wet-corn milling; Starch industry; Archer Daniels Midland; Market structure; Monopoly overcharge; Antitrust law; Legal damages; U.S. Department of Justice; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28653

Connor, John M..

Both market structure and corporate practices of Archer Daniels Midland fostered the implementation of the largest price-fixing conspiracies seen in modern times. The overcharges imposed on U.S. buyers of lysine and citric acid during 1994-1995 by ADM and its co-conspirators amounted to at least $250 million, and the total amount of public penalties, private damages, and legal costs exceeds $740 million. Perpetrators of price-fixing now face monetary exposures that are five times the amount of the harm caused to buyers. These events have spurred renewed attention by U.S. antitrust authorities in prosecuting international cartels.

Assessing Competition in the U.S. Beef Packing Industry

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28680

Changes and Actual State of Mongolian Meat Market and Distribution System: A Case Study of Ulaanbaatar City's "Khuchit Shonhor" Food Market

Ward, Clement E..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beef; Cattle; Competition; Concentration; Market structure; Meatpacking; Pricing; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries; L13; Q13.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94758

Maytsetseg, Baljinnyam; Riichiro, Iizawa.

With changes in the consumption pattern of meat, increases in urban population and underdeveloped distribution system after the collapse of the planned economy, there are increasing problems in meat supply and distribution in Mongolia, particularly in the capital city Ulaanbaatar. This paper examines the stages of meat distribution focusing on Khuchit Shonhor food market. Two types of informal wholesalers are identified; wholesalers who buy meat from nomads and transport it to the market in Ulaanbaatar, and wholesalers in the market who buy this meat and sell it to retailers operating within the market. It is assumed that the later wholesaler type has a stronger influence in price setting.

Concentration in Hungarian Food Retailing and Supplier-Retailer Relationships

Palavras-chave: Mongolia; Meat market; Market structure; Meat distribution; Prices; Livestock Production/Industries; D3; D4; Q13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25528

Juhasz, Aniko; Stauder, Marta.

The paper is a summary about the Hungarian retail sector based on the results of different research projects completed in the last five years. From all of these studies and of course the wide ranging domestic and international literature we had to conclude that the retailers have become more and more the exclusive owner of the information about the consumers and with this they become the new "captains" of the food chain. Thus we always started our research with gathering information about the situation of the Hungarian retail sector because we believed if we want to help those who try to adapt (the suppliers) then we have to know much more about those who dictate (the retailers). Analysing the concentration in company and not branch level we can say that...

Economic Value of Information: Wheat Protein Measurement

Palavras-chave: Food retailing; Concentration; Market structure; Supplier-retailer relationships; Industrial Organization; D3; L81.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25766

Miao, Ruiqing; Hennessy, David A..

In this paper we study U.S. wheat farmers’ willingness to pay for near infrared (NIR) sensor that can segregates wheat grains according to their protein concentration. We first develop a microeconomic optimization model of wheat farmers’ segregating and commingling decisions. Then we use U.S. wheat prices and stocks to estimate a wheat protein stock demand system. This allows us to establish the effects of changes in the protein profile of wheat stocks on protein premiums. The paper’s simulation section combines the results from the microeconomic optimization model and from the econometric estimations to simulate wheat farmers’ WTP for the sorting technology. Preliminary findings from the simulation show that a typical hard red winter (hard red spring)...

Economics, Ecology and GMOs: Sustainability, Precaution and Related Issues

Palavras-chave: Information; Economic value; Wheat; Protein; Market structure; Crop Production/Industries; Production Economics; Q12; Q16; D81.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103974

Economies of Scale in der Produktion versus Diseconomies im Transport: Zum Strukturwandel im Molkereisektor

Tisdell, Clement A..

Ecological, evolutionary and economic issues involved in introducing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), mainly in agriculture, are discussed. The ecological and evolutionary impacts identified hamper (economic) valuation of GMOs and their biosafety regulation and creates difficulties for planning for sustainable development. Assessment of the desirability of releasing GMOs is difficult because of lack of communal agreement about the risks involved, about how much precaution should be exercised given collective risks, and disagreement on the appropriate social criterion to apply. Changes in legal liability are not always economic and cannot eliminate the social conflict generated by GMOs. The economics of developing and marketing GMOs is explored,...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosafety; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Intellectual property rights; Market structure; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122726

Boysen, Ole; Schroeder, Carsten.

In this article, we simulate structural change within the German dairy sector employing a sector-wide optimization model. As a result, we obtain cost minimizing structures of the dairy sector for various scenarios differentiated by time horizon and level of transportation cost. We demonstrate that the model is capable of explaining the current trend which is characterized by a decrease in the number of dairies while average capacity is increasing. However, this development is less pronounced if transportation cost rises relative to other costs.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Capacitated facility location problem; Market structure; Transportation; Agribusiness; Production Economics.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97183

Endogenous R&D Investment and Market Structure: A Case Study of the Agricultural Biotechnology Industry

Anderson, Benjamin; Sheldon, Ian M..

Over the past three decades, the agricultural biotechnology sector has been characterized by rapid innovation, market consolidation, and a more exhaustive definition of property rights. The industry attributes consistently identified by the literature and important to this analysis include: (i) endogenous sunk costs in the form of expenditures on R&D; (ii) seed and agricultural chemical technologies that potentially act as complements within firms and substitutes across firms; and (iii) property rights governing plant and seed varieties that have become more clearly defined since the 1970s. This paper adds to the stylized facts of the agricultural biotechnology industry to include the ability of firms to license technology, a phenomenon observed only...

Estimation of Asymmetric Price Adjustment in the U.S. Soybean Trade Using Rolling TAR: The Relation with Market Structure

Palavras-chave: Licensing; Market structure; R&D; Agricultural biotechnology; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; L22; L24; Q16.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107832

Nakajima, Toru.

The threshold autoregressive (TAR) model by Enders and Granger (1998) and Enders and Siklos (2001) is a popular econometric model that estimates asymmetric price transmission (APT) with non-stationary time series data. However, empirical studies have not considered much the arbitrariness of sample period selection and possible temporal variation of parameters or asymmetry. The purpose of this study is to estimate the APT from the U.S. domestic soybean prices to the export prices using the TAR model, and to trace the changes of APT using rolling woindow methodology of TAR. Another purpose is to analyze the relation between the APT and the market structure in the world soybean trade. The hypothesis is that the APT was positive, which means that the U.S....

ESTRUTURA DE MERCADO DE PRODUTOS LÁCTEOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE LAVRAS, MG

Palavras-chave: Asymmetric price transmission; TAR model; Rolling window; U.S. soybeans; Market structure; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103403

Borges, Antonio Junior; Reis, Ricardo Pereira; Reis, Antonio Joao dos.

This study was carried out with the objective of characterizing the market structure and the commercialization of dairy products in the district of Lavras, MG, Brazil. For such study, agents were identified, their market conduct, and the prices paid and received were analyzed, as well as the volume of sales in the different market segments. It was verified that the products demanding greater technological resources, such as milk “longa vida” ( “long-life” or UHT milk ) and milk sweets are the ones that feature the largest commercialization margins. In the retail segment, supermarkets feature, in average, the lowest margins in relation to their competitors, especially “longa vida” milk. In the consumer market of milk, the sterilized product is the most...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Market structure; Commercialization; Dairy products..

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43374

Information on sellers and buyers characteristics: added value to explain price formation at primary fish markets in managed French scallop fisheries

ArchiMer

Lesur-irichabeau, Gabrielle; Guyader, Olivier; Fresard, Marjolaine; Leroy, C.; Latouche, K.; Le Grel, L..

The aim of this article is to explore, through a hedonic approach, the factors that might explain the price variability for the French-managed fishery of scallop at primary fish markets. In addition to factors classically identified in the current literature like intrinsic product characteristics or markets situation, the characteristics of operators are tested. The relationships of loyalty between sellers and buyers, and market assiduity are notably considered.

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: Buyer and seller characteristics; Fisheries management; Hedonic price; Market behaviour; Market structure; Scallop; Q21; Q22; Q28; C10; L11.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00301/41252/40442.pdf

ISSUES OF DEMAND SPECIFICATION AND INDUSTRY STRUCTURE IN TURKEYS AND BROILER CHICKENS

Cheney, Laura Martin; Brown, A. Blake; Yamano, Takashi; Masterovsky, Michael.

Factors unique to the turkey industry suggest that conclusions concerning market structure and demand specification drawn from aggregate poultry data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the turkey industry. The Wu-Hausman endogeneity test is used to examine demand specifications and industry structure specifically for turkey meat. In contrast to general poultry, quantity-not price-is found to be predetermined in demand models that use annual turkey data. Quarterly demand analysis suggests this result stems from biological cycles that limit a producer's ability to react to price change and the use of a weighted average for determining price and quantity.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Demand analysis; Endogeneity; Market structure; Poultry industry; Turkeys; Demand and Price Analysis; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15290

MARKET COMPETITION AND METROPOLITAN-AREA GROCERY PRICES

Binkley, James K.; Connor, John M..

This paper examines the relationship of 1987 retail grocery prices to supermarket sales concentration across 95 U.S. metropolitan areas. The regression model incorporates a large number of population, retail-cost, and retail competition factors and separate prices by type of grocery item. We find that the concentration-price relationship is sensitive to item type: positive for packaged, branded, dry groceries and unrelated for produce, meat, and dairy product prices. As for market rivalry, we find that small grocery stores provide no grocery price competition for supermarkets. However, branded grocery prices are driven down by fast-food places and by rapid price churning, whereas for unbranded foods the presence of warehouse stores places downward...

Market Concentration of the Processed Food in Korea

Palavras-chave: Retail grocery trade; Pricing policy; Variable price merchandising; Market competition; Category management; Market structure; Sales concentration; Price discrimination; Price rivalry; Oligopoly; Food demand; Food prices; Consumer/Household Economics.

Ano: 1996

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25988

Market Structure and Environmental Innovation

Kim, Sounghun.

In Korea, processed food markets have various shapes of structure: the markets of ice cream, special dietary food, noodles, sugar are highly concentrated, while the markets of gimchi, pickles, and ice are not very concentrated. The level of market concentration changes over time. These market structures and structural changes cause impacts on related industries as well as own industries. For the more successful policies, the paper suggests three ideas: to realize that each food processing industry has a different industry structure, to understand the relationship between the food processing industry and upstream and downstream industries and to take into account opinions from various sources before adopting new policies.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Processed food market; Food processing industry; Market structure; Market concentration; CR4; CR10; Monopoly; Oligopoly; Korea; Korean; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45682